The exam paper examines A-level biology topics, emphasizing enzyme kinetics, cell wall composition, biodiversity, genetic variation, and gas exchange. Core themes include enzyme inhibition, fiber and cardiovascular health, ecological diversity indices, stabilizing selection, human genetics, and the immune response to HIV. Practical tasks involve calculations of metabolic rates, leaf water potential, and oxygen affinity curves. The paper integrates molecular biology (e.g., semi-conservative replication, antibody detection), photosynthesis, respiration, and adaptations in organisms like Ulva lactuca and mammals. Keywords include “enzyme inhibition,“ “cardiovascular health,“ “biodiversity indices,“ “water potential,“ “semi-conservative replication,“ and “oxygen affinity.“