The exam paper addresses advanced biology themes, including speciation, ecological balance, viral evolution, and immune response. It explores sympatric speciation in guppies, livestock competition with ibex, Ranavirus infection in frogs, and vaccine development. Applied biology includes sodium content in medicines and its link to hypertension, epigenetic regulation in cancer via DNMT inhibitors, and the role of the Bohr effect during exercise. It also evaluates performance-enhancing drugs, mitochondrial adaptations, and ATP synthesis. Extended essays focus on enzyme functions or biological diversity. Keywords include “sympatric speciation,“ “Ranavirus,“ “competitive inhibition,“ “Bohr effect,“ “epigenetics,“ “performance-enhancing drugs,“ and “enzymes.“