The exam paper explores biological concepts including photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, respiration, and genetic inheritance. It evaluates processes like the light-independent reactions, nitrogenase activity regulation, and energy efficiency in trophic levels. Practical assessments involve calculating indices, Hardy-Weinberg applications, and statistical tests. The document addresses ABO blood group inheritance, Rhesus factor dominance, and speciation in lemurs. Experimental studies highlight autoimmune diseases, synaptic transmission, and diabetes models. Topics like tumour suppressor mutations, epigenetic treatments, and ADH effects on kidneys are explored. Keywords include “photosynthesis,“ “nitrogen fixation,“ “respiration rate,“ “epigenetics,“ “tumour suppressors,“ and “Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.“