The exam paper focuses on core business concepts, including leadership theories such as the Blake Mouton Grid and Kotter′s change management strategies. It evaluates market positioning using Porter’s Five Forces, Bowman’s Strategic Clock, and SWOT analysis. Topics include financial management (break-even analysis, labor productivity, financial ratios), strategic decision-making (emergent strategies, market development, product innovation), and operational changes (delayering, intrapreneurship). Additional areas of analysis involve stakeholder mapping, free trade policies, and demographic versus economic influences on business performance. Case studies and data-driven problem-solving highlight real-world business challenges and strategies for growth and profitability.