The exam evaluates inorganic and physical chemistry concepts, emphasizing thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium. Topics include Born–Haber cycles, entropy, lattice enthalpy, periodic trends, and Group 7 reactions with concentrated acids. Analytical sections cover transition metal complexes, their shapes, and isomerism, as well as spectroscopy for mass determination and reaction analysis. Practical chemistry examines redox titrations, buffer preparation, and equilibrium constant calculations. Questions address structural and bonding differences, intermolecular forces, and the impact of pH on buffers. The paper integrates quantitative problem-solving, theoretical analysis, and experimental applications to test comprehensive understanding in chemistry.