The exam explores themes in market structures, economic policy, and consumer behavior. Section A focuses on case studies including the sand market, addressing resource scarcity, environmental impact, and market intervention, and the British railway system, analyzing privatization, subsidies, and renationalization. Section B delves into behavioral economics, firm objectives, and government policy, evaluating concepts like choice architecture, profit maximization, and the effects of minimum wage policies. Key topics include market failure, natural monopolies, resource allocation, economic incentives, demand elasticity, and public-private dynamics. Analytical and evaluative skills are emphasized, highlighting practical and theoretical applications in economics.