The paper addresses national and international economic themes. Section A explores government debt, austerity, and fiscal policy, using Greece and the UK as case studies. Topics include structural budget deficits, public sector cuts, and the trade-offs between borrowing and taxation. It also examines South Korea’s export-led development, innovation, R&D investments, and trade challenges. Section B focuses on exchange rate interventions, the impact of currency fluctuations on living standards, the relationship between consumption and savings, and commercial banking′s role in economic stability. Policies for reducing cyclical instability and fostering economic growth are emphasized. Analytical evaluation is central to the questions.