The AQA Geography Paper 1 (June 2023) examines physical geography and human-environment interactions. Section A focuses on water and carbon cycles, coastal systems, and glacial landscapes. Key topics include natural drivers of change, carbon emissions, and human intervention in these systems. Section B addresses hazards, including volcanic and seismic risks, and urban environments, with emphasis on urbanization, pollution, and sustainable development. Key elements involve data interpretation, landform analysis, and evaluating environmental management strategies. Throughout, the paper integrates case studies and figures to explore environmental impacts and human responses to geographical challenges.