The exam covers the history of the Crusades, focusing on the period 1071–1204. Section A analyzes the situation in Outremer by 1187, with three extracts discussing factors influencing its survival and downfall, including the role of Western reinforcements and Saladin′s rise. Section B explores topics such as the motivations behind Western interventions in the Near East (1071–1099), the comparative strength of Outremer in 1149 versus the 1120s, and the personal vs. religious motivations of Nureddin from 1146 to 1174. Key themes include military strategy, political dynamics, and religious influences on Crusader and Muslim actions.