The exam paper focuses on the Cold War from 1945 to 1991, particularly summit diplomacy between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the 1985 to 1988 period. Section A evaluates sources related to this period, including Paul Nitze’s 1985 address on the shift in U.S.-Soviet relations after the Geneva Summit, Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1987 speech discussing nuclear arms reduction and the importance of Soviet-American relations, and Ronald Reagan’s 1988 speech in Moscow highlighting the progress made between the two nations. Section B explores the role of the Marshall Plan in Cold War tensions (by 1949), the influence of McCarthyism on American foreign policy (1950-1955), and the decline in the threat of nuclear war between 1963 and 1968. The paper examines diplomatic, military, and ideological shifts during the Cold War.