The OCR GCSE Biology Paper 2 (June 2023) covers ecosystem interactions, the carbon cycle, genetic inheritance, and food security. Topics include trophic levels, photosynthesis, genetic disorders, and the role of microorganisms in decomposition. Practical investigations explore factors affecting plant reproduction and data analysis of genetic traits. The paper emphasizes interdependence, biodiversity, and human impact on ecosystems, alongside ethical considerations such as genetic engineering and conservation strategies. Data interpretation and experimental methods feature prominently throughout.