The OCR GCSE Biology Paper 1 (May 2023) covers foundational biology concepts such as DNA, protein synthesis, meiosis, and genetic inheritance. Topics include photosynthesis, cellular respiration, water balance, and hormonal regulation in plants and humans. Practical investigations explore decay rates, transpiration, and modeling hypothermia. Key themes focus on homeostasis, adaptations, and biodiversity. The paper integrates theoretical knowledge, data analysis, and ethical considerations, addressing real-world issues like disease control, conservation, and contraception. Experimental design and problem-solving skills are central, with an emphasis on interpreting biological processes and their implications for health and the environment.