This geography paper focuses on the challenges and urban dynamics of Rio de Janeiro. Key topics include population growth, coastal management, and the socio-economic impacts of inequality in areas like Botafogo and Santa Marta. Students analyze GIS data, coastal erosion strategies, and urban development patterns. The exam integrates fieldwork, data interpretation, and critical thinking to assess the city′s physical and human geography. Long-term sustainability is emphasized, with debates on prioritizing resources for squatter settlements or coastal protection, linking theoretical knowledge to practical urban planning and environmental management.