1. Cells and Organisms – Structure and function of plant, animal, and specialized cells; characteristics of life, species classification, viruses, food chains, microorganisms, and environmental impact. 2. Materials and Their Properties – States of matter, changes of state, atomic structure, periodic table, compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, acids, alkalis, pH scale, and chemical reactions. 3. Forces and Energy – Gravity, mass, solar system formation, tides, motion in space, energy changes, conservation of energy, and peer review in scientific understanding.