1. Forces and Motion – Newton’s laws; acceleration and velocity-time graph analysis; momentum in collisions; pressure and buoyancy calculations. 2. Electricity and Circuits – Resistance measurements; power and efficiency calculations; charge flow and current in circuits; LED brightness and energy transfer. 3. Waves and Radiation – Properties of electromagnetic waves; X-ray and gamma ray applications in radiotherapy; reflection and refraction in optical systems. 4. Energy and Power – Work done and gravitational potential energy; efficiency in motors; thermal insulation and energy conservation. 5. Thermal and Energy Transfer – Specific latent heat calculations; temperature and pressure effects in gases; solar energy efficiency. 6. Experimental Methods and Data Analysis – Improving experimental reproducibility; interpreting graphs and trends; calculating uncertainties in measurements.