1. Forces and Motion – Newton’s laws; acceleration and velocity-time graph analysis; gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy calculations; pressure and buoyancy in fluids. 2. Electricity and Circuits – Resistance and power calculations; step-down transformers in electricity transmission; charge flow and current in circuits; LED brightness and energy efficiency. 3. Waves and Radiation – Properties of electromagnetic waves; reflection and refraction in optical systems; nuclear decay processes and radiation safety. 4. Energy and Power – Work done and efficiency calculations; Sankey diagrams for energy transfers; thermal insulation and power dissipation in electrical devices. 5. Thermal and Energy Transfer – Specific latent heat and temperature effects on gases; density variations in different states of matter; solar energy and planetary surface temperatures. 6. Experimental Methods and Data Analysis – Improving experimental reproducibility; interpreting graphs and trends; calculating uncertainties in measurements; analyzing orbital motion of celestial bodies.