1. Software & Utility Programs | Definition of software, types of utility software, operating system functions.

2. Data Storage & Compression | Units of data measurement, sound file size calculation, benefits of file compression.

3. Number Systems & Conversions | Hexadecimal vs. binary differences, denary to binary and hexadecimal conversion, logical left shift effects.

4. Smartwatch Hardware & Cloud Storage | Input and output devices, role of ROM, cloud storage benefits and functionality.

5. Barcode & Data Transmission | Error checking in barcode scanning, serial simplex transmission, error detection methods.

6. CPU Components & Data Flow | Function of registers, buses, and control unit, how instructions are processed.

7. Web Page Retrieval & SSL Security | URL structure, browser role, SSL authentication and encryption.

8. Sensors, Expert Systems & AI | Proximity sensor for navigation, expert system components, machine learning in robotics.