1. Data Storage & Compression | Measuring File Size and Compression Benefits – Identifying storage units, types of compression, and advantages of file size reduction. 2. Smartphone Components | Input, Output, and Storage Devices – Listing built-in input/output devices, explaining secondary storage purpose, and selecting optimal storage type. 3. Character Encoding & Binary Conversions | ASCII, Hexadecimal, and Shifts – Converting ASCII characters to binary and hexadecimal, performing binary addition, and logical shifts. 4. Networking & Data Transmission | Packet Switching & Transmission Methods – Describing packet structure, explaining full-duplex data transmission, and evaluating alternatives. 5. CPU & Performance Factors | Fetch-Decode-Execute and Register Functions – Identifying CPU registers, explaining decode stage, selecting CPU buses, and analyzing clock speed impact. 6. Assembly Language & Embedded Systems | Translators and IDE Features – Defining embedded systems, naming translators, reducing binary error codes, and explaining IDE benefits. 7. Operating Systems & Functions | Managing Resources and Interfaces – Identifying OS functions, explaining file management, and describing OS instruction handling. 8. Blockchain & Digital Transactions | Diagramming a Payment Process – Illustrating transaction verification and security through blockchain mechanisms. 9. Expert Systems & AI | Diagnosing Illnesses and Machine Learning – Completing expert system process flow, describing inference engine functions, and defining adaptive learning.