1. Scarcity and Opportunity Cost – Understanding limited resources in global markets; evaluating opportunity cost in decision-making for labor and earnings. 2. Market Forces and Elasticity – Effects of supply changes on revenue; price elasticity of demand calculations; equilibrium shifts due to market shortages or surpluses. 3. Production and Labour Markets – Factors influencing supply of skilled workers; impact of living costs on wages; role of trade unions in wage negotiations. 4. Macroeconomic Indicators and Policies – Calculating GDP per capita; interpreting inflation and interest rate effects; progressive taxation and income distribution. 5. International Trade and Exchange Rates – Causes and effects of currency depreciation; international specialization; government restrictions on imports and trade barriers. 6. Economic Development and Population – Analyzing population pyramids; effects of economic growth on living standards; measuring unemployment and labor force participation.