1. Opportunity Cost & Production Possibility Curves: Concepts of opportunity cost in consumption and production, factors of production, and PPC analysis for economic trade-offs. 2. Market Systems & Price Mechanisms: Demand and supply shifts, elasticity of supply, price determination in markets, and the role of government in mixed economies. 3. Labour Market & Business Economics: Effects of minimum wage on employment, internal and external economies of scale, fixed vs. variable costs, and profit maximization. 4. Macroeconomic Policies & Indicators: Inflation control, budget deficits, tax implications on supply and demand, and the impact of government fiscal policies. 5. International Trade & Exchange Rates: Trade protection measures, balance of payments adjustments, effects of exchange rate fluctuations, and multinational company impacts. 6. Economic Growth & Income Distribution: Relationship between labour force changes and growth, income inequality analysis, factors reducing poverty, and consumer benefits from specialization.