1. Nineteenth-Century History – Revolutions of 1848–49; German unification; US Civil War and Reconstruction; causes of World War I. 2. Twentieth-Century History – Treaty of Versailles; League of Nations′ successes and failures; Vietnam War and its end; Soviet control over Eastern Europe. 3. World War I and Its Impact – Role of British Empire troops; civilian challenges in wartime; naval warfare and conscription policies. 4. Nazi Germany (1918–45) – Nuremberg Laws; role of propaganda and media; Nazi control and impact on society, including wartime changes. 5. Soviet Union (1905–41) – Provisional Government’s struggles; Bolshevik rise to power; Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and their political/economic implications. 6. US History (1919–41) – Economic boom and bust; reasons for the Great Depression; Roosevelt’s 1932 election campaign; impact of New Deal policies. 7. World War II (1939–c.1945) – Pearl Harbor attack; reasons for Japan’s early military success; Nuremberg Trials; comparison of D-Day and Eastern Front importance in defeating Germany.