1. The Human Body: Functions of the circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive systems, impact of diseases on bodily functions. 2. Materials: Properties and Changes: Characteristics of substances, thermal and electrical conductivity, reversible and irreversible changes, chemical reaction principles. 3. Rocks, the Rock Cycle, and Soil: Types of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, fossil formation, stages of the rock cycle, composition and significance of soil. 4. Food Chains and Food Webs: Energy transfer in ecosystems, structure and interaction of food chains and food webs, environmental threats to food chains.