1. Classification & Dichotomous Keys | Identifying vertebrate groups using a key, distinguishing characteristics of fish, birds, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians.

2. Viruses & Immune Response | Structure of a virus, body barriers against pathogens, antibody composition and function, risks of premature birth, and passive immunity.

3. Blood Sugar Regulation & Blood Cells | Role of insulin, glucagon, glycogen storage, photomicrograph identification of blood cells, effects of glucose imbalance on circulation.

4. Eye Structure & Responses | Lens accommodation, pupil reflex in light intensity changes, nervous response classification, and importance of light adaptation.

5. Sustainable Fishing & Conservation | Definition of sustainability, fishing quota trends, alternative methods for conserving fish stocks, lipid digestion experiment analysis.

6. Selective Breeding & Genetic Modification | Increasing milk production via artificial selection, genetic modification process in crops, risks of pest-resistant GM crops.

7. Comparative Biology | Differences between diffusion vs. active transport, transpiration vs. translocation, and phototropism vs. gravitropism.