1. Tropical Climates and Ecosystems | Comparing climatic characteristics, vegetation development in rainforests and savannas, and formation of landforms like tors and inselbergs. 2. Coastal Processes and Management | Analyzing seasonal beach profiles, wind′s role in dune formation, and sustainable coastal management strategies. 3. Volcanic and Atmospheric Hazards | Examining volcanic eruption characteristics, hazard mapping for mass movements, and differences in predicting large vs. small-scale storms. 4. Arid and Semi-Arid Environments | Investigating rainfall variability, wind action in desert landform formation, and fragility of vegetation due to low biomass productivity. 5. Geomorphological and Climatic Interactions | Assessing how natural processes shape landscapes and how different climates influence environmental stability. 6. Disaster Preparedness and Environmental Sustainability | Evaluating hazard mitigation strategies, climate adaptation, and management of fragile ecosystems.