1. Population Growth and Decline | Analyzing natural increase trends, reasons for declining birth rates, and government challenges in managing ageing populations. 2. Migration Patterns and Impacts | Examining internal migration trends, reasons for negative net migration, and the effects of positive migration on population structures. 3. Urban Land Value and Settlement Patterns | Investigating land value variations, bid-rent theory, and how counterurbanisation affects urban and rural areas. 4. Population Policies and Management | Assessing the need for population control policies, their effectiveness, and their impact on natural increase rates. 5. Economic Migration and Age Factors | Comparing chain vs. stepped migration, analyzing the benefits of international migration, and evaluating age influences on migration patterns. 6. Urban Change and Service Provision | Exploring challenges in rural service provision, the constant evolution of urban activities, and the impacts of urban-rural migration trends.