1. Data Storage and Binary Operations – Understanding primary storage, converting between denary, binary, and hexadecimal, and performing binary addition. 2. File Compression and Encoding – Effects of compression, benefits of lossless compression, and advantages of Unicode over ASCII. 3. Network Communication and Error Detection – Packet transmission, error checking methods (echo check, checksum), and asymmetric encryption. 4. Fetch-Decode Cycle and Registers – Identifying CPU registers involved in fetching and decoding instructions. 5. Internet Technologies and Security – Web-related terms, hacking, firewalls, and DDoS prevention methods. 6. Automation and Artificial Intelligence – Role of sensors and microprocessors in farming automation and AI-driven navigation. 7. Cookies and Integrated Development Environments (IDE) – Understanding persistent and session cookies, their uses, and the purpose of an IDE in programming.