1. Software and System Management – Identifying types of software, including utility and system software, and their functions in managing inputs and outputs. 2. Data Storage and Measurement – Understanding data units, calculating file sizes, and explaining the benefits of file compression. 3. Number Systems and Conversions – Converting between binary, hexadecimal, and denary, and explaining logical shift operations. 4. Smart Devices and Cloud Storage – Identifying input/output devices in smartwatches, explaining the role of ROM, and benefits of cloud storage. 5. Barcode Systems and Data Transmission – Explaining barcode error checking, serial simplex transmission, and error detection methods. 6. CPU Components and Internet Protocols – Completing the CPU components table, explaining URL structure, and describing web page retrieval processes.