1. Number Operations and Arithmetic – Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers and decimals, rounding numbers, and applying percentages. 2. Fractions, Decimals, and Ratios – Simplifying and comparing fractions, converting between decimals and fractions, solving ratio problems, and performing fraction operations. 3. Geometry and Measurement – Identifying angles, calculating perimeters, recognizing prime numbers, finding volumes, and measuring angles accurately. 4. Data Handling and Probability – Interpreting tally charts, pie charts, bar graphs, and line graphs, calculating mean, median, and range, and analyzing survey results. 5. Algebra and Sequences – Solving equations, expanding expressions, applying nth term rules, identifying patterns, and simplifying algebraic expressions. 6. Real-World Mathematical Applications – Determining train arrival times, calculating material requirements for production, estimating area usage, and understanding scale in practical scenarios.