1. Market System – Demand and supply curves, factors influencing shifts, price elasticity, and market equilibrium are fundamental to understanding economic interactions.

2. Business Economics – Productivity, division of labor, business costs, revenues, economies of scale, and market structures (monopoly, oligopoly) shape business efficiency.

3. Government & Economy – Economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and balance of payments are key indicators of a nation’s economic health.

4. Fiscal & Monetary Policies – Taxation, government spending, and central bank policies influence economic stability and growth.

5. Labour Market & Trade Unions – Supply and demand for labor, along with trade union activity, impact employment levels and wage structures.

6. Government Intervention – Policies such as income redistribution, environmental protection, and supply-side strategies regulate and support economic functions.