1. Respiration and Gas Exchange: Differences between inhaled and exhaled air, role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, experimental setups using limewater to detect carbon dioxide. 2. Plant Biology and Reproduction: Structure of insect-pollinated flowers, differences in wind-pollinated flowers, methods of asexual reproduction, and benefits of asexual propagation in plants. 3. Carbon Cycle and Decomposition: Identifying processes in the carbon cycle, role of decomposers, factors affecting decomposition rates, and designing an investigation on pH effects on decomposition. 4. Human Health and Smoking: Impact of maternal smoking on birth mass, statistical analysis of birth data, and evaluating conclusions based on scientific evidence. 5. Microbiology and Enzyme Activity: Investigating yoghurt production under different oxygen levels, role of acidity in fermentation, and effects of environmental variables on bacterial growth. 6. Food Webs and Energy Transfer: Identifying producers and consumers, efficiency of energy transfer in food chains, and calculations of energy loss at different trophic levels.