1. Atomic Structure and Bonding: Atomic and mass numbers, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic table trends, ionic and covalent bonding, dot-and-cross diagrams.

2. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization: pH scale, acid-alkali reactions, titration calculations, identification of acidic and basic solutions, and solubility rules for salts.

3. Separation Techniques and States of Matter: Chromatography, solubility, crystallization, filtration, distillation, and gas laws.

4. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium: Balancing equations, reactivity series, displacement reactions, thermal decomposition, rate of reaction experiments, collision theory, and Le Chatelier’s principle.

5. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion reactions, cracking, functional groups, and addition reactions.

6. Environmental Chemistry and Industrial Applications: Electrolysis, corrosion prevention, nitrogen cycle, catalytic converters, pollution effects, and sustainability in chemical processes.