1. Atomic Structure and Periodicity: Atomic and mass numbers, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic trends, and element classification. 2. Chemical Bonding and Reactions: Ionic and covalent bonding, dot-and-cross diagrams, balancing chemical equations, redox reactions, and reactivity series. 3. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, acid-base neutralization, titration calculations, solubility rules, and precipitation reactions. 4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, functional groups, and carboxylic acids. 5. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Conductivity in different states, electrolysis of solutions, half-equations, metal extraction, corrosion prevention, and catalytic converters. 6. Reaction Energetics and Equilibrium: Exothermic vs. endothermic reactions, bond energy calculations, enthalpy changes, Le Chatelier’s principle, rate of reaction factors, and industrial chemical processes.