1. Atomic Structure and Bonding: Atomic and mass numbers, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic trends, ionic and covalent bonding, and dot-and-cross diagrams.

2. Chemical Reactions and Rates: Balancing equations, reaction rate factors, catalysts, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and energy profile diagrams.

3. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization: pH scale, neutralization reactions, titration calculations, solubility rules, and formation of salts.

4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, isomerism, esterification, and environmental impact of polymers.

5. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Electrolysis of solutions, ionic half-equations, metal conductivity, industrial extraction of metals, and corrosion prevention.

6. Environmental Chemistry and Equilibrium: Greenhouse gases, pollution effects, Le Chatelier’s principle, sustainability in chemical processes, and reversible reactions.