1. Atomic Structure and Periodicity: Atomic number, mass number, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic trends, and properties of elements. 2. Chemical Reactions and Bonding: Ionic and covalent bonding, dot-and-cross diagrams, balancing chemical equations, reactivity series, redox reactions, and thermal decomposition. 3. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, neutralization reactions, titration calculations, solubility of salts, precipitation reactions, and acid-base indicators. 4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, isomerism, esterification, and fermentation processes. 5. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Electrolysis of solutions, half-equations, metal extraction, corrosion prevention, catalytic converters, and industrial chemical applications. 6. Chemical Energetics and Equilibrium: Exothermic vs. endothermic reactions, bond energy calculations, enthalpy changes, Le Chatelier’s principle, rate of reaction factors, and equilibrium shifts.