1. Kinetics & Reaction Mechanisms - Rate measurement techniques, rate equations, activation energy, catalysis, temperature effects 2. Entropy & Energetics - Entropy introduction, lattice energy, Born–Haber cycles, enthalpy changes of solution and hydration 3. Chemical Equilibria - Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp), factors affecting equilibrium, entropy relations to equilibrium 4. Acid-Base Equilibria & Titrations - Brønsted–Lowry theory, pH scale, ionic product of water, acid-base titrations, buffer solutions 5. Organic Chemistry: Carbonyls, Carboxylic Acids & Chirality - Enantiomers, optical activity, carbonyl redox reactions, nucleophilic addition, carboxylic acid derivatives 6. Spectroscopy & Chromatography - Mass spectrometry, HPLC, GC, NMR principles, splitting patterns in NMR