1. Business Finance and Profitability: Calculation of markup, exchange rates, total costs, gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and acid test ratio. 2. Market Research and Customer Insights: Methods of primary and secondary research, segmentation strategies, and customer preference analysis. 3. Human Resources and Organizational Structure: Benefits of a flat organizational structure, employee motivation techniques, and importance of internal communication. 4. Marketing and Competitive Strategy: Promotional strategies, niche marketing, pricing decisions, and methods to respond to increased competition. 5. Operations and Business Decision Making: Break-even analysis, impact of external factors on business performance, and factors influencing manufacturer selection. 6. Corporate Financial Planning: Comparison of retained profits versus bank loans for expansion, advantages of the Boston Matrix, and evaluating the impact of financial ratios on decision-making.