1. Business Finance and Profitability: Calculation of markup, break-even point, revenue increase percentage, gross profit margin, and operating profit margin. 2. Market Research and Competitive Advantage: Importance of branding, methods to improve competitive position, extending product life cycle, and market research usage. 3. Human Resources and Employee Management: Benefits of on-the-job vs. off-the-job training, customer loyalty strategies, recruitment planning, and decentralized organizational structure. 4. Operations and Business Expansion: Justification of batch vs. job production, limitations of break-even charts in decision-making, and factors influencing business expansion. 5. Marketing and Consumer Relations: Use of e-newsletters, benefits of test marketing, pricing decisions, and importance of product placement. 6. Strategic Planning and Decision Making: Financial data evaluation, investment justification, role of the Boston Matrix, and impact of business location on profitability.