1. Business Finance and Profitability: Calculation of gross profit margin, markup percentage, break-even analysis, and the impact of exchange rates on costs. 2. Market Research and Strategic Decision Making: Competitive advantage through product differentiation, market segmentation, promotional strategies (above-the-line vs. below-the-line), and branding benefits. 3. Human Resources and Employee Management: Recruitment processes, benefits of training (on-the-job vs. off-the-job), motivational techniques (bonuses vs. job enrichment), and factors affecting staff retention. 4. Operations and Business Efficiency: Quality control methods, benefits of resource optimization in manufacturing, just-in-time inventory management, and impact of diseconomies of scale. 5. Financial Planning and Business Growth: Importance of cash flow forecasting, financial objectives for expansion, evaluation of retained profits vs. external funding, and assessment of comprehensive income statements. 6. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability: Ethical sourcing of materials, corporate governance, environmental impact of production, and compliance with industry regulations.