1. Business Finance and Profitability: Financial calculations (gross profit margin, markup, break-even point, return on capital employed), cash flow management, and impact of exchange rates.

2. Market Research and Business Strategy: Primary vs. secondary research, pricing strategies (cost-plus, penetration), segmentation methods, and competitive positioning.

3. Human Resources and Employee Motivation: Organizational structure, employee retention methods, job satisfaction, financial and non-financial incentives (bonuses, job rotation).

4. Marketing and Business Growth: Promotional strategies, branding importance, niche marketing, factors affecting customer retention, and competitive advantage.

5. Operations and Business Expansion: Economies of scale, break-even analysis, supply chain management, factors influencing business location, and operational efficiency.

6. Corporate Responsibility and Ethical Business Practices: Environmental sustainability, corporate social responsibility, ethical sourcing, government regulations, and consumer expectations.