1. Business Finance and Profitability: Financial calculations (gross profit margin, markup, break-even analysis), importance of retained profits, and impact of exchange rates. 2. Market Research and Competitive Strategy: Primary vs. secondary research, importance of customer segmentation, pricing strategies, and promotional methods. 3. Human Resources and Employee Management: Employee motivation techniques, recruitment strategies, benefits of part-time staff, and financial vs. non-financial incentives. 4. Operations and Business Expansion: Break-even analysis, economies of scale, production methods (batch vs. job), and financial planning for business growth. 5. Marketing and Consumer Relations: Role of branding, benefits of public relations, customer retention strategies, and social media marketing. 6. Corporate Strategy and Decision Making: Evaluation of financial data, justifying investment decisions (crowdfunding vs. retained profits), assessing external business factors, and corporate responsibility.