1. Programming Fundamentals and Debugging: Identifying arithmetic operators, understanding Boolean data types, debugging errors in multiplication programs, and defining variables. 2. Algorithm Implementation and Logic: Writing pseudocode, applying selection and iteration structures, implementing boundary and erroneous testing, and optimizing conditional statements. 3. Data Processing and File Handling: Reading and writing data files, implementing validation checks for structured data, and designing stock control systems. 4. Encryption and Cybersecurity: Understanding encryption methods, applying Rail Fence cipher encryption, identifying weaknesses in encryption algorithms, and ensuring data confidentiality. 5. Sorting and Searching Algorithms: Implementing bubble sort and linear search, analyzing sorting efficiency, comparing search algorithms, and understanding their advantages and disadvantages. 6. Game Development and User Interaction: Creating interactive programs, validating user input, tracking attempts in guessing games, and implementing structured programming with subroutines.