1. Macroeconomic Indicators and Policies: Measurement of unemployment by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), impact of inflation, and progressive taxation in the UK.

2. Trade and Exchange Rates: Effects of tariffs on trade, calculation of exchange rate impact on car prices, and impact of currency depreciation on imports and exports.

3. Government Policies and Market Regulation: Definition of deregulation, supply-side policies for labor markets, and taxation effects on economic activities.

4. Employment and Economic Growth: Effects of wage increases outpacing inflation, government initiatives for IT workforce expansion, and benefits of healthcare investment in economic productivity.

5. Environmental Economics and Market Structures: Effectiveness of pollution fines on corporate behavior, impact of airports on environmental sustainability, and the role of pollution permits.

6. Multinational Corporations and Economic Impacts: Drawbacks of MNCs shifting profits to other countries, government investigations into tax avoidance, and economic consequences of foreign direct investment.