1. Forces and Motion: Newton’s second law, momentum calculations, force and impact time in car crashes, and safety features like airbags.

2. Energy and Work Done: Kinetic and potential energy, efficiency, power calculations, and work done against friction.

3. Waves and Optics: Properties of sound waves, oscilloscopes and frequency calculations, electromagnetic spectrum, and refraction of light.

4. Electricity and Circuits: Ohm’s law, resistance in series and parallel circuits, power and energy transfer in electrical systems.

5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism: Electromagnets, factors affecting magnetic field strength, motor effect, and transformer applications.

6. Radioactivity and Space Physics: Nuclear fusion, red-shift and the Big Bang theory, pressure-volume relationships, and satellite motion.