1. Forces and Motion: Newton’s laws, velocity-time graphs, acceleration calculations, momentum conservation, and impact forces. 2. Energy and Work Done: Kinetic and gravitational potential energy, efficiency, power calculations, and energy transformations. 3. Waves and Optics: Reflection and refraction, measuring the speed of sound, Doppler effect, and applications of wave properties. 4. Electricity and Circuits: Ohm’s law, resistance in series and parallel circuits, power and energy transfer, and behavior of thermistors and LEDs. 5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism: Electromagnetic induction, motor effect, transformer applications, and force on current-carrying conductors. 6. Radioactivity and Space Physics: Half-life calculations, nuclear fusion and fission, redshift and evidence for the Big Bang, and orbital mechanics of celestial bodies.