1. Neurotransmission and Chemical Imbalance: Effects of serotonin deficiency on impulse transmission, impact of MDMA on neurotransmitters, and its relation to depression symptoms. 2. Cardiac Function and Circulation: Role of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in heart rate regulation, pressure changes in the cardiac cycle, and how blood is efficiently pumped into arteries. 3. Respiratory Physiology and Gas Exchange: Oxygen uptake in cystic fibrosis patients, function of spirometers in measuring lung capacity, and calculations related to breathing rate and oxygen consumption. 4. Biochemical Reactions and Energy Storage: Hydrolysis of disaccharides, comparison of maltose and trehalose, enzyme involvement in glucose metabolism, and energy storage in flying insects. 5. Genetics and Inheritance Patterns: Sex determination in mammals and birds, genetic crosses in pigeons, and inheritance differences between species. 6. Muscle Physiology and Contraction Mechanisms: Role of calcium ions in myofibril contraction, muscle response to stimuli, and electrical impulses in nerve function.