1. Photosynthesis and Plant Growth: Light-dependent reactions in chloroplasts, CO₂ concentration effects on plant growth, and factors affecting photosynthesis. 2. Energy Transfer in Ecosystems: Energy flow through trophic levels, respiration losses, efficiency of photosynthesis, and calculating energy transfer percentages. 3. Genetic Variation and Evolution: Identification of new species using DNA profiling, speciation from common ancestors, and genetic differences between populations. 4. Nutritional Biochemistry: Vitamin C content in cooked and uncooked vegetables, determining recommended daily intake, and investigating the effect of cooking on nutrient retention. 5. Forensic Biology and Decomposition: The role of body farms in studying decomposition, effects of temperature on decay rates, and forensic applications in time of death estimation. 6. Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control: Peptide antibiotics from plants, bacteriostatic mechanisms, infection control in hospitals, and practices to prevent antimicrobial resistance.