1. Genetic Modification and Enzyme Function: Role of restriction enzymes and ligases in genetic modification, genome sequencing in medicine, and transgenic organism applications. 2. Respiratory System and Spirometry: Use of spirometry in measuring ventilation, effects of training on lung capacity, and variables affecting oxygen consumption rates. 3. Photoreceptors and Plant Growth: Effects of phytochrome on photoperiodism, IAA′s influence on coleoptile growth, and light-induced changes in plant development. 4. Seed Banks and Conservation: Storage conditions affecting seed viability, benefits of drying and disinfecting seeds, and methods of testing germination success over time. 5. Drug Effects on Heart Rate: Impact of alcohol on Daphnia’s cardiac function, experimental design considerations, and ethical issues in using invertebrates for research. 6. Nicotine and Circulatory Health: Effects of nicotine on blood pressure, artery lumen diameter changes, and evaluating experimental data from rat models to human health implications.