1. Market Structures and Business Operations: Reasons for firms not maximizing profit, characteristics of normal goods, and effects of technical economies of scale.

2. Production and Cost Analysis: Calculation of total costs, understanding productivity, and the impact of rising raw material costs on market equilibrium.

3. Government Intervention and Regulations: Price control policies, effects of interest rate caps, and evaluation of government efforts to reduce traffic-related pollution.

4. Supply and Demand Elasticity: Price elasticity of supply (PES) calculations, minimum wage impact on labor markets, and factors affecting firm size decisions.

5. Trade and External Factors: The role of trade unions, impact of global events on product demand, and effects of currency fluctuations on international business.

6. Labour Market and Economic Growth: Raising retirement age to increase labor supply, wage determination mechanisms, and factors influencing business expansion.