1. Tectonic Hazard Impact Analysis – Calculation of mean magnitude, median deaths, and interquartile range for earthquake events in Sumatra.

2. Earthquake Forecasting and Community Resilience – Assessment of the role of prediction and forecasting in reducing vulnerability to seismic hazards.

3. Glacial Processes and Landscape Formation – Explanation of how glacial erosion and deposition contribute to landform development.

4. Glacial and Periglacial Role in the Water Cycle – Analysis of how glaciated landscapes contribute to water storage and distribution.

5. Climate Change Threat to Glaciated Environments – Evaluation of global warming as the greatest threat to both active and relict glacial landscapes.

6. Coastal Erosion and Sustainable Management – Discussion on factors influencing coastal recession and the effectiveness of coastal protection strategies.