1. Tectonic Hazard Risk Assessment – Calculation of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between population density near volcanoes and eruption history.

2. Effectiveness of Volcanic Hazard Management – Evaluation of strategies used to mitigate the impacts of volcanic hazards and their effectiveness.

3. Glacial Meltwater and Glacier Movement – Analysis of how meltwater contributes to the movement of temperate glaciers.

4. Feedback Mechanisms in Ice Sheets – Explanation of how positive and negative feedback loops influence the size of ice sheets and sea ice.

5. Periglacial Landform Formation – Discussion on how melting and refreezing cycles contribute to the development of distinctive periglacial landscapes.

6. Challenges in Managing Glaciated Landscapes – Assessment of the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of strategies used to manage active and relict glaciated landscapes.